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Introduction: Stories of Slavery in the Colonial North
Defining Slavery
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Labor Systems
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Native Americans
Europeans
Africans
Establishing Slave Laws
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The Impact of Slave Laws
Person or Property
The Middle Passage
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The Story of the
Charles
The Philipse Family and the Slave Trade
The Business of Slavery
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Who Benefits
Legal Property
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The Philipsburg Manor Inventory
Being Enslaved
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Skilled Labor
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Caesar’s Story
Facts and Figures
More Skilled Labor Stories
Marriage
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Stories About Marriage
Family
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Joan and John Jackson’s Story
A Bill of Sale
More Stories About Family
Elders
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Stories About Elders
Community
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Creating Identity, Retaining Culture
Phillis Wheatley’s Story
More Stories About Community
Choosing Resistance
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Making Choices
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What Could They Do?
Negotiation
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Jack and Parthenia’s Story
More Stories About Negotiating
Seizing Opportunity
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Stories About Seizing Opportunity
Running Away
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Norton Minors: “...a Caulker and Ship Carpenter”
Ben: “...Supposed to be Drown’d”
Sobiner: “...can read well”
More Stories About Running Away
Fighting Back
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Burning the City of New York
More Stories About Fighting Back
Pursuing Justice
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Purchasing Freedom
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Stories About Purchasing Freedom
Using the Law
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Stories About Using the Law
Emancipation and Abolition
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Gradual Emancipation Acts
Stories About Gradual Emancipation
Confronting the Past
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Erasing History
The Philipsburg Manor Case Study
Finding Connections
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A Legacy of Racism
Studying Northern Slavery
Contemporary Response
TimeMap
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1400 – 1599
Africans in the New World
1600 – 1699
African Captives in the North
1700 – 1799
Northern Spread of Slavery
1800 – 1865
Decline of Slavery in the North
Northern Historic Sites
Teacher Resources
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Bibliography
Glossary
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